ADHD Treatment: Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Online Management

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Millions of Americans experience ADHD (Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), and countless more go undiagnosed every year. It’s a complex, challenging condition that can disrupt nearly every area of your life. Fortunately, treatment works.  

If you have ADHD or are concerned you might, the first step is to see a qualified mental healthcare professional, like a psychiatrist, who can evaluate your symptoms. They’ll provide an assessment, rule out other conditions, determine a diagnosis, and work with you on an appropriate treatment plan. While it may feel tempting to want to manage your ADHD symptoms on your own, you deserve real care from a trained professional. 

If you're looking for information to help you understand what you're going through, what your options are, or if medication for ADHD could help you, read on.

What is ADHD in adults and children?

ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how the brain functions, and it’s common in children and adults. People with this condition face challenges with attention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that can affect their academic success, careers, and relationships. 

Although ADHD develops in childhood, it isn’t always recognized or diagnosed until adulthood. Even then, it can be hard to get a proper ADHD diagnosis. Many undiagnosed adults with ADHD have learned to hide the symptoms of ADHD. It’s one of the reasons the condition can’t be diagnosed based on a quick conversation or observation—it requires a thorough evaluation from a qualified professional, who will also rule out other mental health conditions such as learning disabilities or mood disorders. Note: A full evaluation might happen over multiple visits so your provider can get a detailed family history, provide a thorough screening, and understand how your symptoms are impacting your daily life and relationships.

Four different types of ADHD

A thorough diagnosis will also include your particular type of ADHD, which will affect your treatment options. There are three main types of ADHD and one additional categorization doctors use.  

Inattentive ADHD

People with this type of ADHD predominantly have trouble focusing their attention or staying on task. They may not seem to listen when spoken to, and may make careless errors with school or workplace tasks. They may struggle to stay organized and regularly forget daily tasks or chores.

Hyperactive/impulsive ADHD

People with this type of ADHD struggle primarily with impulsive and hyperactive behavior—they may fidget excessively, interrupt others, and have trouble sitting still and being quiet. They may rush through tasks, find it hard to wait, or have emotional reactions that seem too intense for the situations they’re in.

Combined ADHD

​​People with this type show comparable levels of both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.

Unspecified ADHD

Doctors use this term when someone shows signs of ADHD that cause problems in their everyday life, but don’t exactly match one of the main types of ADHD. This can happen when there isn’t enough information to determine its exact type, or when the doctor chooses not to label it more specifically. 

Signs and symptoms of ADHD

It’s important to note that nearly everyone experiences some of these symptoms from time to time. There are many things that can affect your focus or behavior, including stress, lifestyle changes, relationship issues, and physical problems (like lack of sleep). Experiencing periodic inattentive, impulsive, or hyperactive behaviors doesn’t necessarily mean you have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 

In people with ADHD, these symptoms are chronic, meaning they’ve been going on for years, and can be traced back to early childhood. (For many, symptoms of ADHD first appear between the ages of 3 and 6). In addition, they’re severe enough to cause ongoing problems in a person’s career, academic, and/or social life. 

Only a qualified health provider can diagnose ADHD. If you think you or a loved one might have it, it’s important to seek out appropriate care. Treating ADHD can make a big difference in your symptoms and quality of life. You deserve great care from someone who listens and can talk you through your treatment options.

ADHD symptoms in kids

In children and toddlers, ADHD symptoms often surface in environments like home, school, or daycare. Common symptoms can include: 

• Difficulty focusing on activities and becoming easily distracted
• Short attention span during play or homework
• Daydreaming
• Frequent fidgeting, squirming, or trouble sitting still.
• A constant need for movement or frequent running around
• Engaging in activities loudly or disruptively
• Excessive talking and interrupting others
  

ADHD symptoms in teens

ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) may evolve as children grow into teenagers. For some, symptoms become less disruptive, but others face new challenges as responsibilities increase. Additional symptoms of ADHD in teenagers may include: 

• Trouble focusing on or completing schoolwork and other tasks
• Careless mistakes on schoolwork and disorganization
• Frequent mistakes due to inattention
• Issues with task organization and time management
• Frequently forgetting or losing personal items
• Avoiding tasks that require sustained mental effort
• Increased frustration and emotional sensitivity
• Possible substance use issues
• Difficulties in interpersonal relationships
• Greater conflict with parents
  

ADHD symptoms in adults

The demands of adulthood can cause another shift in ADHD symptoms. While hyperactivity may decrease with age, struggles with impulsivity, restlessness, and focus often persist. Additional symptoms in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may include: 

• Difficulty meeting workplace or academic expectations
• Low self-esteem and mental health challenges
• Possible substance use issues[DK1]
• Struggles in relationships with partners, family, or coworkers
• More frequent accidents or injuries
  

There are effective ADHD treatment options for all ages. Understanding how ADHD symptoms appear differently across age groups can help you better address specific challenges.

What causes ADHD in adults and kids?

Adult ADHD and child ADHD are the same condition. While they may present in slightly different ways (for example, adults with ADHD may experience more internal versus external symptoms), the root condition is the same.  

Researchers have not yet isolated the specific causes of ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), but both genetics and environmental factors are thought to play a part. No specific gene has been identified as the cause of the condition. However, research indicates that relatives of people with ADHD are more likely to have it. 

Environmental factors that are thought to increase your risk for ADHD include: 

• Low birth weight
• Premature birth
• Exposure to toxins before birth, like tobacco, alcohol, or lead 

In general, men are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than women, and women are more likely to be diagnosed with inattentive type ADHD. 

People with ADHD often have other conditions as well, including: 

• Learning disabilities
• Anxiety disorders
• Depression
• Substance abuse disorders

Does anxiety cause ADHD?

The short answer is: No, anxiety doesn’t cause ADHD. Though they’re distinct disorders, they can share overlapping symptoms, like restlessness or difficulty concentrating, that can make differentiating between them somewhat difficult.  

That’s why it’s so important to see a clinician who has specialized training in mental health conditions if you think you may need help. They have the tools and experience to help you understand what you’re feeling, determine if it's ADHD or anxiety, and provide a diagnosis that’s actually right for you. 

Does ODD cause ADHD?

First, let’s define ODD. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a behavioral condition where children or teens consistently show anger, irritability, and defiance toward authority figures. It’s more than occasional misbehavior—it’s a pattern that can impact home, school, and relationships, but it can be managed with the right support. 

ODD doesn’t cause ADHD, and ADHD doesn’t cause ODD. However, they can occur together. Some children with ADHD will exhibit behaviors that could be classified as oppositional.  

A qualified mental health professional, like a psychiatrist, will help you understand the root causes and parse through overlapping symptoms to get to an accurate diagnosis and a treatment plan that can actually help.

Does depression cause ADHD?

Depression does not cause ADHD, but they can be closely connected. It’s common for people with ADHD to experience frustration, low self-esteem, feelings of failure, or chronic stress from their challenges with focus, organization, and impulsivity. All these factors increase the risk of developing depression.  

This is especially true with ADHD that goes untreated. If you’ve ever been concerned about depression or ADHD, or think you’re experiencing them, talking with a psychiatrist can help. A treatment plan to manage your condition can relieve the secondary effects of ADHD, too, and make everyday life a little less hard. 

It’s also important to note that other conditions, especially depression, can cause some of the same symptoms as ADHD. A lack of focus is a common symptom of both depression and ADHD. This is why it’s so important to see a qualified mental health professional who can help make the distinction and give you an accurate diagnosis.

How do you get diagnosed with ADHD?

If you have ADHD or are concerned you might, the first step is to see a qualified mental healthcare professional, like a psychiatrist, who can evaluate your symptoms and help determine the most appropriate treatment plan. While it may feel tempting to want to manage your ADHD symptoms on your own, getting professional support can make a huge difference in your quality of life.

“Who diagnoses ADHD?”

ADHD can be diagnosed by a licensed mental health professional with specific training in mental health.  

This can include:  

• Psychiatrists (MDs or DOs): Medical doctors who specialize in mental health and are experts in diagnosing and treating ADHD.
• Psychologists (PhDs or PsyDs): Trained in psychological testing and diagnosis, but typically don’t prescribe medication.
• Pediatricians or primary care physicians: Can often diagnose ADHD in children, especially when these physicians have training in behavioral health.
• Neurologists: May be involved when symptoms overlap with other neurological conditions.

For many, psychiatrists are the go-to for both diagnosis and treatment, especially when medication is involved. For ADHD medications, like stimulants, it's incredibly important to find a qualified clinician who prescribes ADHD medication responsibly and measures your progress closely. 

Initial screening

The first step is a thorough conversation with a professional, often called a screening. You’ll talk about what you’re feeling and how it might be affecting your home, work, or school life. They’ll use standard diagnostic criteria to assess your symptoms. 

Evaluation

If your initial screening indicates you may be experiencing ADHD, your clinician will go a little deeper to understand your medical and family history. They’ll also ask more questions about your daily life, family history, relationships, and daily functioning to evaluate your needs.  

Diagnosis and treatment

After reviewing this information and ruling out other conditions, your clinician may provide a diagnosis of ADHD. Together, you’ll discuss next steps and possible treatment options, including medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes. Remember, it’s treatable, and your clinician will be there to help you navigate what’s next.

How to treat ADHD?

ADHD symptoms can be managed with effective treatment. The most common involve medication, therapy, or both.

ADHD medication

Some of the most common medications for ADHD are stimulants like Adderall, Ritalin, and Vyvanse. These help regulate levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. ADHD medications typically start working quickly and are highly effective for many people with ADHD. However, they are controlled substances and should only be taken as prescribed. 

There are also non-stimulant medication options, including Straterra, Qelbree, Intuniv, and Kapvay. The antidepressant Wellbutrin can also be prescribed off-label for ADHD. These medications are good options for those who don’t respond well to stimulants or experience side effects from them, as well as for those who prefer to take other medications.

ADHD therapy

In addition to medication, a psychiatrist might recommend behavioral therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). These can complement the effect of medication and help you:
 

• Understand and adjust behaviors
• Improve emotional regulation and executive functioning
• Build new coping skills
• Learn strategies to organize and prioritize tasks
  

Therapy also gives you the space and support to address challenges related to ADHD, like mood and self-esteem.

Social skills groups

Social skills groups are structured, therapist-led programs where kids, teens, or even adults with ADHD learn and practice important social behaviors—like taking turns, reading social cues, managing frustration, and cooperating with others. They often use role-playing, modeling, and direct feedback in a small-group setting to help participants build real-world social competence in a safe, supportive environment. 

They can be effective, especially when they’re well-designed and tailored to ADHD-specific challenges. It’s important to find a group that is engaging and personalized, and to reinforce the skills outside of group settings for the best chance at meaningful progress.

Lifestyle changes to cope with ADHD

There are ways of improving or coping with the symptoms of ADHD that don't involve medication. While these can definitely help, the most effective treatments involve a combination of medication and therapy. In addition to those, there are techniques that can help.

1. Make a list of tasks

Making a list of tasks externalizes memory. ADHD can make it difficult to hold multiple thoughts in the mind at once. It takes the pressure off the brain by putting everything in one place. Additionally, checking off an item can feel like a small reward, which can boost motivation.

2. Follow a routine

Brains with ADHD can struggle with executive function. Having a consistent daily schedule offloads some of that burden and can reduce mental overload.

3. Use a calendar

Another helpful tool in lowering the cognitive burden is using a calendar and reminders to help schedule time for tasks. These can serve as a reminder and an organizational tool to help maintain focus throughout the day.  

Online ADHD treatment: How Talkiatry can help

We’re a virtual mental health practice that makes it easy to find great care. We combine quality and convenience to help you thrive. Our clinicians are experts in medication management who will collaborate with you on a treatment plan that fits your needs and comfort level. Many of them have specialized training and expertise in diagnosing and treating ADHD. They can also prescribe and help you manage medication. They can also recommend other treatments for ADHD, like therapy, to provide a holistic plan.  

If you’d like to know if we’re right for you, we can help you find care in just 10 minutes. Answer a few questions online to tell us a little about you and what your goals are. We’ll select a few matches from our staff of 450+ psychiatrists who are a great fit for you. You can explore their bios and treatment approaches, and schedule a visit 100% online. During your first visit, they’ll assess your condition and work with you on a treatment plan that’s tailored specifically to your needs.