Klonopin (clonazepam): uses, side effects, and what to expect

If you or someone close to you has been prescribed Klonopin, or if a psychiatrist has mentioned it as an option, you probably have questions. Klonopin (clonazepam) is a benzodiazepine, a type of medication that works quickly to ease severe anxiety, panic attacks, and certain seizure disorders. At Talkiatry, our psychiatrists prescribe Klonopin when it is clinically appropriate, and they take the time to walk you through what to expect, how long to use it, and what alternatives may also help.

Key takeaways

• Klonopin (clonazepam) is a benzodiazepine prescribed for panic disorder, severe anxiety, and certain seizure disorders.
• It works by increasing GABA activity in the brain, which helps slow down overactive stress signals.
• Many people feel its calming effects within 30 to 60 minutes of taking it.
• Klonopin can lead to dependence if used long-term and should not be stopped suddenly without medical supervision.

What is Klonopin?

Klonopin is the brand name for clonazepam, a medication in the benzodiazepine class. Psychiatrists prescribe it primarily for panic disorder and severe or acute anxiety. It is also used to treat certain seizure disorders. In some cases, it may be prescribed short-term for intense anxiety or agitation that has not responded to other approaches.¹

What does Klonopin treat?

Klonopin is FDA-approved for a small number of conditions. Your psychiatrist will determine whether it fits your situation after a thorough evaluation.

On-label uses

• Panic disorder
• Severe or acute anxiety
• Certain seizure disorders
• Sometimes used short-term for intense anxiety or agitation¹

How does Klonopin work?

Your brain has a natural braking system that uses a chemical called GABA to slow down nerve activity when it gets too high. Clonazepam strengthens that braking system, which is why it can reduce panic and anxiety so quickly.¹

• Enhances the calming effects of GABA. Clonazepam increases the activity of GABA, a neurotransmitter that slows down activity in the brain.¹
• Reduces overactive stress signals. By strengthening GABA's calming effect, the medication helps quiet the brain circuits involved in anxiety and panic.¹
• Produces a calming effect. This can help reduce symptoms like intense anxiety, panic attacks, or severe agitation.¹

3 things a Talkiatry psychiatrist wants you to know about Klonopin

• It works quickly, and that matters clinically. Psychiatrists sometimes turn to benzodiazepines for acute episodes of panic or anxiety because the calming effects can start within 30 to 60 minutes. But that same rapid action is part of why they are prescribed carefully and usually for short-term use.
• It's usually used short-term or as needed. Because benzodiazepines can lead to dependence, psychiatrists often prescribe them for limited situations and only when clinically appropriate. To decide whether or not it is right for you, a psychiatrist needs to perform a thorough evaluation of your symptoms and risks.
• Don't stop suddenly. If taken regularly, clonazepam should be tapered gradually under medical supervision to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Your psychiatrist will work with you on a plan if it is time to stop or reduce your dose.

Common side effects of Klonopin

Like most medications, Klonopin can cause side effects. Many of these are mild and may improve as your body adjusts. Common side effects may include:²

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Unsteadiness or loss of balance
• Problems with coordination
• Difficulty thinking or remembering

Talk to your psychiatrist if any of these feel persistent, severe, or get in the way of your day.

Serious side effects of Klonopin and when to seek help

Serious side effects are less common, but they do happen. Contact your doctor or seek emergency care right away if you notice any of the following:²

• Rash or hives
• Swelling of the eyes, face, lips, tongue, or throat
• Hoarseness or difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Extreme sleepiness or unresponsiveness
• Slowed or difficult breathing, particularly if taking cough or pain medications
• Unusual involuntary movements or muscle twitching
• Ringing in the ears
• Sensations of burning or prickling in hands, arms, legs, or feet
• Seeing or hearing things others do not
• Thoughts of harming or killing yourself or others
• Loss of contact with reality or confusion
• Seizures

Call your psychiatrist right away or seek emergency care if you experience any of these symptoms.

What to watch for when starting Klonopin

Starting a new medication can feel uncertain. Here are a few things to keep in mind during the first days and weeks on clonazepam:²

• Clonazepam causes drowsiness. Do not drive or operate machinery until you know how it affects you.
• Avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
• Monitor for changes in mental health, including new or worsening depression or suicidal thoughts. Let your psychiatrist know if you notice anything different.
• This medication is habit-forming. Take it exactly as prescribed and do not increase your dose or frequency without your doctor's approval.
• Do not stop taking clonazepam without talking to your psychiatrist first. Abrupt discontinuation can cause serious withdrawal symptoms.²

What to do if you miss a dose of Klonopin

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.²

Who should talk to a psychiatrist before taking Klonopin

Some health conditions, medications, and life situations change how Klonopin is prescribed. Tell your psychiatrist if any of the following apply to you:²

• History of allergic reactions to benzodiazepines
• Glaucoma
• Liver disease
• Lung or kidney disease
• History of heavy alcohol use or alcohol dependence
• Current or past use of street drugs or overuse of prescription medications
• Depression or other mental illness
• Pregnancy, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding
• Age 65 or older